Assembleia de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) do Parque Estadual de São Camilo, Paraná, Brasil

Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Marcelo Rocha AranhaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 20/02/2018Inclui referênciasResumo: Os morcegos destacam-se pela diversidade de espécies, representando cerca de um quarto dos mamíferos do mundo, pela variedade de hábitos alimentares e pela variedade de estratégias reprodutivas. O objetivo desta dissertação foi inventariar a comunidade de morcego do Parque Estadual São Camilo, avaliar a reprodução das duas espécies mais abundantes no local e estudar a dieta de duas espécies frugívoras de tamanho e dieta similares. As coletas foram feitas no Parque Estadual São Camilo, um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual de 384,35ha, localizado em Palotina, oeste do Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil, entre setembro de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Foram utilizadas redes de neblina, armadas em trilhas no interior da mata, na borda e próximo à um lago. As redes foram abertas mensalmente, por quatro noites, durante seis horas, totalizando um esforço amostral de 69.120 m2.h. Os indivíduos capturados foram colocados em sacos de algodão e levados para a base de campo. Após uma hora do horário de captura os indivíduos foram triados, identificando a espécie, o estádio reprodutivo e coletando as fezes, quando presentes. Os indivíduos foram marcados com anilhas metálicas numeradas e soltos no local em que foram coletados. Obteve-se um total de 406 capturas, incluindo 26 recapturas, distribuídos em três famílias, e doze espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus fimbriatus. Espécies frugívoras ocorreram em todos os pontos porém com maior abundância na borda da mata, espécies insetívoras estiveram mais associadas ao lago, com exceção de Myotis nigricans que ocorreu mais no interior do fragmento, Phyllostomus hastatus, espécie onívora, e Chrotopterus auritus, espécie carnívora, estiveram restritos ao interior da mata. Artibeus lituratus e Sturnira lilium apresentaram um padrão de reprodução poliestral bimodal no local de estudo, concentrando a reprodução nos meses mais quentes e chuvosos, de maior disponibilidade de frutos. Carollia perspicillata foi pouco abundante no local e se alimentou principalmente de Piperaceae, com consumo ocasional de artrópodes. Sturnira lilium ocorreu em alta abundância ao longo dos doze meses, apresentou dieta variada, com dez espécies de frutos de cinco famílias. A dieta de S. lilium baseou-se principalmente em Piperaceae e Solanaceae. Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae e Cecropiaceae foram pouco frequentes, assim como artrópodes. Os dados obtidos fornecem um maior entendimento da biologia de algumas espécies, em regiões do estado pouco estudadas. Destacamos a importância do Parque Estadual São Camilo para a região, atuando como refúgio para a quiropterofuna em meio a uma paisagem totalmente agrícola, servindo de local de abrigo, forrageio e reprodução de muitas espécies. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Quirópteros; Ecologia de comunidades; Reprodução; Frugivoria.Abstract: Bats stand out for the diversity of species, representing around a quarter of mammals in the wolrd, for the variety of feeding habits and reproductive strategies. The aim of this dissertation was to invetory the bat community of São Camilo State Park, to evaluate the spatial distribution of the species, to evaluate the reproduction of the two most abundant species in the area and to study the diet of two frugivorous species of similar size and diets. The study took place in the São Camilo State Park, a fragment of Semideciduous seasonal forest of 384.35ha in size, located in the city of Palotina, in western Paraná, southern Brazil, between September 2016 and August 2017. Mist-nets were placed in trails inside the woods, on the edge and near a lake. Mist-nets were opened monthly, for four nights, during six hours, totaling a sample effort of 69,120m2.h. Captured individuals were placed in cotton bags and taken to the field base. After one hour of the capture time, the individuals were screened, identifying the species, the reproductive stage and collecting the faeces, when present. Individuals were marked with metal washers and released at the site where they were collected. We obtained a total of 406 catches, including 26 recaptures, distributed in three families, and twelve species. The most abundant species were Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium and Artibeus fimbriatus. Frugivorous species occurred at all sites but with greater abundance at the edge of the forest, insectivorous species were more associated with the lake, except for Myotis nigricans which was sampled more in the interior of the forest fragment, Phyllostomus hastatus, an omnivorous species, and Chrotopterus auritus, a carnivorous species, were restricted to the forest interior. Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium had a seasonally polyestrous reproductive pattern at the study site, concentrating reproduction in the warmer and wetter months, when fruits arre more available. Carollia perspicillata was little abundant and has fed mostly of Piperaceae, with occasional consumption of arthropods. Sturnira lilium occurred with high abundance throughout the twelve months, had a varied diet, with ten fruit species from five families. The diet of S. lilium was based mostly in Piperaceae and Solanaceae. Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae and Cecropiaceae were less frequent, as well as arthropods. The obtained data provide a better understanding of the biology of some species, in regions of the state that are little studied. We highlight the importance of São Camilo State Park to the region, acting as a refuge for the chiropterofauna in the midst of a totally agricultural landscape, serving as a place of shelter, foraging and reproduction of many species. KEY-WORDS: Bats; Community Ecology; Reproduction; Frugivory

Filling knowledge gaps for the State of Paraná, Brazil: Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) of Palotina municipality

Filling knowledge gaps for the State of Paraná, Brazil: Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) of Palotina municipality </htm

EL USO DE LAS HERRAMIENTAS INFORMÁTICAS COMO MEDIOS DE ENSEÑANZA EN LA EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA

Los lectores encontrarán en este artículo un análisis acerca de cómo en la práctica educacional de las universidades se aplican las herramientas informáticas como medios de enseñanza, para generar conocimientos, habilidades y valores que coadyuven a un desempeño laboral óptimo en los egresados. Los autores se proponen como objetivo, revelar los resultados del uso de las herramientas informáticas como medios de enseñanza que promueven el aprendizaje independiente de los estudiantes universitarios, para desarrollar en ellos una formación laboral sólidamente profesionalizada. La investigación está asentada en un método científico, que prioriza la aplicación armónica del análisis-síntesis y lo lógico-histórico

Dental extraction in patients with HIV/AIDS: report of two cases

Introduction and objective: The oral health of patients with HIV infection is often compromised by caries and periodontal disease. Thus, many patients need to undergo oral surgical procedures. Case report: This article describes two cases of patients with HIV infection who had undergone exodontia due to prosthetic indications. Both patients had been hospitalized for treatment of respiratory complications from HIV infection and were referred for dental treatment. In the first case, the adult patient had generally good oral health. However, the treatment plan for the installation of a removable prosthesis required the removal of tooth 38 since it was fairly inclined to the mesial. The second patient had poor oral conditions due to advanced periodontal disease. Thus, all upper arch teeth were removed in a single session followed by the installationof an immediate total prosthesis. No postoperative complications were recorded and the healing process occurred without incident for both patients. Dental treatment of patients with asymptomatic HIV infection does not differ from that performed for any other patient in practice. Nevertheless, patients in advanced stages of disease may require special treatment and an individual treatment plan must be developed for even routine procedures. Conclusion: The dental careof these individuals often requires more rigorous clinical follow-up for maintaining oral health. The performance of dental surgery in patients with HIV infection does not require technical modifications, but does require a complete anamnesis.Introduction and objective: The oral health of patients with HIV infection is often compromised by caries and periodontal disease. Thus, many patients need to undergo oral surgical procedures. Case report: This article describes two cases of patients with HIV infection who had undergone exodontia due to prosthetic indications. Both patients had been hospitalized for treatment of respiratory complications from HIV infection and were referred for dental treatment. In the first case, the adult patient had generally good oral health. However, the treatment plan for the installation of a removable prosthesis required the removal of tooth 38 since it was fairly inclined to the mesial. The second patient had poor oral conditions due to advanced periodontal disease. Thus, all upper arch teeth were removed in a single session followed by the installationof an immediate total prosthesis. No postoperative complications were recorded and the healing process occurred without incident for both patients. Dental treatment of patients with asymptomatic HIV infection does not differ from that performed for any other patient in practice. Nevertheless, patients in advanced stages of disease may require special treatment and an individual treatment plan must be developed for even routine procedures. Conclusion: The dental careof these individuals often requires more rigorous clinical follow-up for maintaining oral health. The performance of dental surgery in patients with HIV infection does not require technical modifications, but does require a complete anamnesis

Professional autonomy of the nurse: some reflections Autonomia profissional da enfermeira: algumas reflexões Autonomía profesional de la enfermera: algunas reflexiones REFLECTION | REFLEXÃO

AbstrAct Objective: To reflect upon the professional autonomy of nurses within the biomedical care model. Methods: This study will analyze the issue based on the reflection built from the theoretical reference regarding the work in the area of health and in nursing. Results: It was identified that in the biomedical model, the professional autonomy of the nurse is limited and conditioned by the decisions of the physician (in which the work process command the use of roles and health services), due to a fragile construction of a body of understandings linked to the profession, and because of the growing technical division of work in health and in nursing. Conclusion: The nurse can widen his/her professional autonomy in other care models that enable the construction of knowledge related to the field of nursing, such as the areas of Mental Health, Obstetrics, and Primary Health Care. These are areas destined to the nurse to develop his/her own autonomous professional practice, consonant to the holistic care in health care. Keywords: Professional Autonomy; Nurse; Work. resumo Objetivo: Refletir sobre a autonomia profissional da enfermeira no contexto do modelo assistencial biomédico. Métodos: Reflexão construída a partir do referencial teórico sobre o processo de trabalho em saúde e em enfermagem. Resultados: Identificouse que no modelo biomédico a autonomia profissional da enfermeira é limitada e condicionada pelas decisões do profissional médico (cujo processo de trabalho ordena o consumo de ações e serviços de saúde), pela frágil construção de um corpo de saberes próprio à profissão e pela crescente divisão técnica do trabalho em saúde e em enfermagem. Conclusão: A enfermeira poderá ampliar sua autonomia profissional em outros modelos assistenciais que permitam a construção de saberes próprios ao campo da enfermagem, como os campos da Saúde Mental, da Obstetrícia e da Atenção Primária em Saúde. Esses são espaços propícios para a enfermeira desenvolver uma prática profissional autônoma e consoante com o cuidado integral em saúde. Palavras-chave: Autonomia Profissional; Enfermeira; Trabalho. resumen Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la autonomía profesional de la enfermera en el contexto del modelo asistencial biomédico. Métodos: Se trata de una reflexión construida a partir del referencial teórico sobre el proceso de trabajo en salud y en enfermería. Resultados: Se identificó que en el modelo biomédico la autonomía profesional de la enfermera es limitada y condicionada por las decisiones del profesional médico, cuyo proceso de trabajo ordena el consumo de acciones y servicios de salud; por la frágil construcción de un conjunto de saberes propio de la profesión y por la creciente división técnica del trabajo en salud y en enfermería. Conclusión: La enfermera podrá ampliar su autonomía profesional en otros modelos asistenciales que permitan la construcción de saberes propios del campo de la enfermería, como los campos de Salud Mental, Obstetricia y Atención Primaria en Salud. Estos son espacios propicios para que la enfermera desarrolle una práctica profesional autónoma y acorde con el cuidado integral en salud

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., in Free-Living Birds in Mainland Portugal

Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n = 50) for the presence of Escherichia coli (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (AMR) associated genes were detected by PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization was performed. Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic E. coli, 2.8% for Salmonella spp., and 9.9% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic E. coli, being detected in 25.9% of them. Ten of the tested E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and seven of them were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among Salmonella (n = 3) and Campylobacter (n = 9), only one strain of C. jejuni was identified as MDR. Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease. These results show that free-living birds in Portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials.This work was supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Program, as part of the DiSCoVeR project (Discovering the sources of Salmonella, Campylobacter, VTEC and Antimicrobial Resistance). R.C. was the beneficiary of a fellowship from the same Programme on behalf of FedAMR project.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence of self-reported lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil : analysis of data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with the lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Setting: Analysis of data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Participants: 90 846 individuals aged ≥15 years were included. Outcome measure: The self-reported medical diagnosis of depression at some point in one’s life was the main outcome. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs were calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. The independent variables included the geographical area of residence, sociodemographic characteristics, current smoking status, alcohol abuse, daily screen time, and the presence of physical disorders and mental health comorbidities. Results: The self-reported lifetime prevalence of medical diagnosis of depression was 9.9% (95% CI 9.5% to 10.2%). The probability of having received a medical diagnosis of depression was higher among urban residents (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35); females (2.75; 2.52 to 2.99); those aged 20–29 years (1.17; 0.91 to 1.51), 30–39 years (1.73; 1.36 to 2.19), 40–49 years (2.30; 1.81 to 2.91), 50–59 years (2.32; 1.84 to 2.93) and 60–69 years (2.27; 1.78 to 2.90) compared with those under 20 years; white-skinned people (0.69 (0.61 to 0.78) for black-skinned people and 0.74 (0.69 to 0.80) for indigenous, yellow and brown-skinned people compared with white-skinned people); those with fewer years of education (1.33(1.12 to 1.58) among those with 9–11 years, 1.14 (0.96 to 1.34) among those with 1–8 years and 1.29 (1.11 to 1.50) among those with 0 years compared with those with ≥12 years of education); those who were separated/ divorced (1.43; 1.29 to 1.59), widowed (1.06; 0.95 to 1.19) and single (1.01; 0.93 to 1.10) compared with married people; smokers (1.26; 1.14 to 1.38); heavy screen users (1.31; 1.16 to 1.48) compared with those whose usage was <6 hours/day; those with a medical diagnosis of a physical disorder (1.80; 1.67 to 1.97); and individuals with a medical diagnosis of a mental health comorbidity (5.05; 4.68 to 5.46). Conclusion: This nationwide population-based study of self-reported lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil showed that the prevalence was almost 10%. Considering the current Brazilian population, this prevalence corresponds to more than 2 million people who have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives

Livro de resumos da Conferência do Projeto de Investigação Científica “Fatores de Transformação Urbana (DRIVIT-UP)” em conjunto com I Conferência sobre Ciência de Dados para Ciências Sociais e VI Conferência de Planeamento Regional e Urbano

Sem resumo disponível.publishe

IgA vasculitis: influence of CD40, BLK and BANK1 gene polymorphisms

CD40, BLK and BANK1 genes involved in the development and signaling of B-cells are identified as susceptibility loci for numerous inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, we assessed the potential influence of CD40, BLK and BANK1 on the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), predominantly a B-lymphocyte inflammatory condition. Three genetic variants within CD40 (rs1883832, rs1535045, rs4813003) and BLK (rs2254546, rs2736340, rs2618476) as well as two BANK1 polymorphisms (rs10516487, rs3733197), previously associated with inflammatory diseases, were genotyped in 382 Caucasian patients with IgAV and 955 sex- and ethnically matched healthy controls. No statistically significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequencies of CD40, BLK and BANK1 when IgAV patients and healthy controls were compared. Similar results were found when CD40, BLK and BANK1 genotypes or alleles frequencies were compared between patients with IgAV stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations. Moreover, no CD40, BLK and BANK1 haplotype differences were disclosed between patients with IgAV and healthy controls and between patients with IgAV stratified according to the clinical characteristics mentioned above. Our findings indicate that CD40, BLK and BANK1 do not contribute to the genetic background of IgAV.Funding: This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grants PI18/00042 and PI21/00042) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). D.P.-P. is a recipient of a Río Hortega program fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, “Investing in your future”) (grant number CM20/00006). F.G. is supported by funds of the RICORS Program from ISCIII, co-funded by the European Union (grant number RD21/0002/0025). V.P.-C. is supported by funds of PI18/00042. S.R.-M. is supported by funds of the RETICS Program (RD16/0012/0009) (ISCIII, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). O.G. is a staff member of Xunta de Galicia (Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS)) through a research-staff stabilization contract (ISCIII/SERGAS) and his work is funded by ISCIII and the European Union FEDER fund (grant numbers RD16/0012/0014 (RIER) and PI17/00409). He is a beneficiary of project funds from the Research Executive Agency (REA) of the European Union in the framework of MSCA-RISE Action of the H2020 Program, project 734899—Olive-Net. R.L.-M. is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type II program fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by ESF (“Investing in your future”) (grant number CPII21/00004). Acknowledgments: We are indebted to the patients and healthy controls for their essential collaboration on this study. We also thank the National DNA Bank Repository (Salamanca) for supplying part of the control samples

Neoadjuvant Metformin Added to Systemic Therapy Decreases the Proliferative Capacity of Residual Breast Cancer

The proliferative capacity of residual breast cancer (BC) disease indicates the existence of partial treatment resistance and higher probability of tumor recurrence. We explored the therapeutic potential of adding neoadjuvant metformin as an innovative strategy to decrease the proliferative potential of residual BC cells in patients failing to achieve pathological complete response (pCR) after pre-operative therapy. We performed a prospective analysis involving the intention-to-treat population of the (Metformin and Trastuzumab in Neoadjuvancy) METTEN study, a randomized multicenter phase II trial of women with primary, non-metastatic (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) HER2-positive BC evaluating the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of oral metformin (850 mg twice-daily) for 24 weeks combined with anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab (arm A) or equivalent regimen without metformin (arm B), before surgery. We centrally evaluated the proliferation marker Ki67 on sequential core biopsies using visual assessment (VA) and an (Food and Drug Administration) FDA-cleared automated digital image analysis (ADIA) algorithm. ADIA-based pre-operative values of high Ki67 (>= 20%), but not those from VA, significantly predicted the occurrence of pCR in both arms irrespective of the hormone receptor status (p = 0.024 and 0.120, respectively). Changes in Ki67 in residual tumors of non-pCR patients were significantly higher in the metformin-containing arm (p = 0.025), with half of all patients exhibiting high Ki67 at baseline moving into the low-Ki67 (<20%) category after neoadjuvant treatment. By contrast, no statistically significant changes in Ki67 occurred in residual tumors of the control treatment arm (p = 0.293). There is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies aiming to provide the protective effects of decreasing Ki67 after neoadjuvant treatment even if pCR is not achieved. Metformin would be evaluated as a safe candidate to decrease the aggressiveness of residual disease after neoadjuvant (pre-operative) systemic therapy of BC patients